Bioinformatics Approaches toward Plant Breeding Programs
Marina A. Ibrahim
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, 82786 Sohag, Egypt.
Galal A. R. El-Sherbieny
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, 82786 Sohag, Egypt.
E. Ismail
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, 82786 Sohag, Egypt.
Shimaa M. Ali
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, 82786 Sohag, Egypt.
Nessma K. Ahmed
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, 82786 Sohag, Egypt.
Nardeen R. Ratib
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, 82786 Sohag, Egypt.
Mariam M. Aziz
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, 82786 Sohag, Egypt.
Sabah K. Bishay
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, 82786 Sohag, Egypt.
Mariam S. Fayez
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, 82786 Sohag, Egypt.
Nancy N. Nasry
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, 82786 Sohag, Egypt.
Marina A. Shehata
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, 82786 Sohag, Egypt.
Haitham M. A. Elsayed *
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, 82786 Sohag, Egypt.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Plants are comprised of interrelated traits, where a change in one trait may cause a change in another, or in a combination of traits. Bioinformatics tenancies were distinguished by wide accessibility of computers to different aspects of genomes. Nucleic acid sequences and information from a wide range of genomes become possible through genomics. Genomics made this information accessible to further analysis and experimentation. Therefore, development of computerized models for quantitative traits used bioinformatics techniques can reduce the time and cost in creating new plant variety, and can significantly improve breeding efficiency by constructing reliable predictive estimates and identifying selectable genotypes by greatly accelerating the progress in both fundamental plant science and applied breeding research. Moreover, it clarify the function of key genes and the interaction of responsible genes. Thus, a variety software’s and web-based tools have been developed to help with these issues. So, this article highlights the functional information and tools for genome annotation, gene ontology and gene network by stating the art regarding genome assembly. In addition, we show how phenotypic data yield new trait-trait correlations by linking phenotypic data to genomic data together.
Keywords: Genome annotation, gene ontology, gene network, genome assembly, correlation